Language analysis course: What is a phoneme?

Why do we see letters between diagonal lines, like this: /f/?
1. Because we are representing the sound not the letter
2. Because it is a minimal pair
3. Because we are studying phonetics
Are /f/ and /v/ phonemes in all languages?
1. I don't know
2. Probably not
3. Probably
What happens in English to the meaning if we change the p-sound at the beginning of pot to the p-sound at the end of cap?
1. Nothing
2. It sounds odd
3. It has a new meaning
Which of these is not a minimal pair: sick – think, hut – putt, lag – lack, commuter – computer, happy – nappy?
1. sick – think
2. hut – putt
3. lag – lack
4. commuter – computer
5. happy – nappy
At the beginning of cake, the letter 'c' is pronounced.
1. /k/
2. /s/
3. /t/
4. /c/
An allophone is ...
1. ... an alternative pronunciation of the same phoneme
2. ... a completely different pronunciation in Arabic
3. ... a meaningful change in pronunciation