Relevance

Monitoring

Extrapolation

Discrimination

Reference

Segmentation

Anticipation

learners need to be able to make logical guesses at the spelling of unknown words

learners need practice in identifying if and how far points made are something they need to know

learners need practice in matching things like pronouns to nouns in what they hear

learners need to be able to guess what comes next

listeners need the ability to identify where one word ends and the next begins

learners need to be practised in the skill of listening out for key words

listeners need to be able to distinguish minimally different words