TKT Module 1 Revision: Functions
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You should only come here if you have completed a face-to-face course for TKT Module 1 or have done the Module 1 course on this site. |
The parts of the
answer which are underlined are things you
should know.
Examples are in black.
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Functions |
Make a note of your answer to the question and then click on the
to reveal the answer.
| If someone
says: It's two o'clock in the morning and you have to work tomorrow and means: You must go to bed how can you describe what is happening? |
We can
analyse the sentence and say that it is two positive
clauses connected by the conjunction
and. That is
formal analysis.
We can also say that the sentence means an order to someone and that is analysing the function of what is said. |
| What is an
exponent? Give two examples. |
An
exponent is the words we
use to express a function.
For example: Exponent: That's my pen! Function: I forbid you to take it Exponent: More tea? Function: I am offering you more tea. |
| What is
contextual information? Give an example. |
This
information comes from the
context or setting in which we use language.
For example: If the context is two fishermen looking for a river and one says: There's the bank! we know that it is the side of the river that is meant. However, if the context is two tourists trying to get some local money, we know that the institution of a bank is what is meant. |
| What are adjacency pairs? Give two examples. |
Adjacency pairs are
functions which often come together.
For example: asking for and giving information telling a story and showing appreciation introducing oneself and greeting someone giving an order and agreeing to do something |
| What is meant by speaker intention? Give an example. |
Speaker intention refers to
what speakers wants to do
and how they want to sound.
For example: Please be good enough to follow me Intention: giving an order but sounding very polite. Get out now! Intention: giving an order but sounding very rude. It's very chilly in here Intention: Asking for the window to be closed and but not wanting to suggest it directly. |
| Why are roles
and relationships important? Give an example. |
Because the relationships between the speakers
will often decide which
exponent is used for which function.
For example: Between friends, an invitation might be: Come to the party on Saturday! but if we have an employee talking to the boss, the invitation might more appropriately be: I'd like to invite you and your wife to dinner on Saturday, if you are free. |
| Why can't we
fully understand someone when she says: I have been to France.? |
Because
we do not have enough
information. We do not know:
The context: where and when is she speaking? The roles and relationships: who is she speaking to? Her intention: why is she telling me this? |
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