TKT Module 1 Revision: Productive skills
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You should only come here if you have completed a face-to-face course for TKT Module 1 or have done the Module 1 course on this site. |
The parts of the
answer which are underlined are things you
should know.
Examples are in black.
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Productive skills |
Make a note of your answer to the question and then click on the
to reveal the answer.
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There are two productive skills. What are they? |
Speaking and writing.
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| What is the difference between
transaction and
interaction? Give an example of each type. |
Transaction refers to
getting something done in
language. Examples are:
Buying something in a shop Making a written complaint Asking for directions Emailing a job application Interaction refers to maintaining social relationships. Examples are: Writing 'Best wishes' on a card Saying hello and asking after health and welfare Chatting inconsequentially to a stranger at a bus stop Writing an informal email to a friend |
| Writing is decontextualised planned permanent static conservative formal. What is speaking? Explain what you mean. |
Speaking is:
contextualised When we speak to someone we do so in a context, not alone. unplanned Unless we are presenting a formal talk or making a speech, we do not plan what to say in advance. transient Unless we are making a recording (leaving a telephone message, for example), what we say is immediately gone with only our memories left. dynamic When we are speaking, we have to respond to our listeners and adapt what we say to their reactions. innovative Speakers make things up as they go along, saying, e.g., the thing or the whatsit informal Almost all speaking is more informal than writing so we use colloquial expressions, contractions and even slang when we speak. |
| The TKT test
doesn't know the difference between
style and
register but you do. What is it? Give examples. |
Style refers to
levels of
formality and can affect grammar, lexis and
pronunciation.
Register refers to language appropriate for our topic or field (e.g., legal language, scientific language, talking about football etc.) |
| What is meant
by style can affect pronunciation? Give an example. |
When we
speak informally, we use more weak forms and are not too
careful to pronounce everything 'correctly'.
For example: We can say /ˈlaɪk.ɪn/ instead of /ˈlaɪk.ɪŋ/ We can drop the /h/ sound at the beginning of words We can pronounce 'and' as /n/ |
| What is meant
by style can affect grammar? Give an example. |
Informally,
grammar can be less
accurate, leaving out words and speaking or
writing in part sentences such:
You OK? Morning Hungry? |
| What is meant
by style can affect lexis? Give an example. |
In informal
speech and writing we can use
vague words and
colloquial and slang language.
Examples are: mucked about (instead of made difficult, disturbed or irritated) nicked (instead of stolen) bashed (instead of hit) |
| What is meant
by register can affect grammar? Give an example. |
In
certain
fields, such as academia and formal commercial reports
etc., writers and speakers avoid using the first person
and use many more passive sentences.
In some registers, too, long noun clauses are common. In other registers, such as sports commentating, speakers will use the present simple to describe things happening now. |
| What is meant
by register can affect lexis? Give an example. |
In certain
fields, speakers and writers will
assume that the listener /
reader will know some common technical terms used in the
area so will use
field-specific language such as:
oxidation (chemistry) glass ceiling (management) prepositional phrase (linguistics) up and under (rugby) |
| What is meant
by awareness of audience? Give an example. |
Audience refers to the
people who will listen to or read what we say or write.
For example: If we are writing a letter of application for a job, we will be careful to use correct grammar and spelling and set out the letter in a conventional way. If we are writing or speaking to an old friend, we will often assume lots of shared knowledge and we will not explain terms like 'my sister' or 'Peter' because both the speaker / writer and the hearer / reader know what is meant. |
| What is meant
by speaking is dynamic? Give an example. |
This refers to the fact that speaking is a
two-way process and
speakers need to initiate as well as
respond to keep an
exchange going.
For example: If someone says: Have you been to Italy? and the answer is a simple Yes. the conversation may stop there. A better response includes another initiation such as: Yes, I have. Why do you ask? |
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That's the end.How did you do? |
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